ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the acaricidal activity of different extracts from Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) (Pomposia) againsst Tetranychus urticae Koch (T. urticae) and the biochemical changes in antioxidants enzymes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six extracts of S. cumini (Pomposia) at concentrations of 75, 150 and 300µg/mL were used to control T. urticae (Koch).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ethanol extract showed the most efficient acaricidal activity agent against T. urticae (98.5%) followed by hexane extract (94.0%), ether and ethyl acetate extract (90.0%). The LC50 values of the promising extract were 85.0, 101.0, 102.0 and 98.0µg/mL, respectively. The activities of enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in susceptible mites were increased. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes reach the maximum value in mites at LC50 with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The extract of S. cumini has acaricidal acivity against T. urticae, and the ethanol extract is the most efficient.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Acaricides , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Ethanol , Oxidoreductases , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Syzygium , Chemistry , TetranychidaeABSTRACT
Seventy six samples of blood were taken from 66 volunteers [38 male and 28 female] of type-2-diabetic patients and 10 samples from intact subjects. Serum samples were collected from the lab of French Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The age of patients and control varied from 35 to 50 years. Serum glucose. insulin and adiponectin levels were measured at fasting and postprandial states. There were high serum glucose and insulin levels in diabetic patients comparing to control subjects. The serum adiponectin levels in all type-2-diabetic patients [10.57-15.47 micro g/ml] were significantly less than that present in control [23.35 micro g/ml]. Serum adiponectin level was significantly and negatively correlated with serum glucose. In male and female diabetic patients, the adiponectin levels varied from 13.45 to 15.05 micro g/ml and from 7.68 to 17.10 micro g/ml, respectively. A negatively significant correlation was present between serum insulin and adiponectin levels in male patients. At postprandial state, the glucose level was elevated with both insignificant increase in insulin level and decrease in adiponectin level. The data suggest that blood adiponectin must be determind and increased to the normal level by medicine before treatment of type-2-diabetic patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Glucose , Insulin/blood , /bloodABSTRACT
Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were intraperitonially injected with hibiscus anthocyanin [90 mg/Kg bw] and green tea epicatechin [60 mg/Kg bw] extracts daily for two weeks. In addition, normal and diabetic rats were force fed on high-fat diet for two weeks. Rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia were used for induction of diabetes mellitus and fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet for two weeks using non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic rats as positive control. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose insulin, adiponectin, nitric oxide and lipid profile were measured. Anthocyanin and epicatechin extracts significantly decreased the elevated levels of glucose, nitric oxide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C in serum of diabetic rats, while adiponectin was slightly increased. The concentrations of serum glucose, nitric oxide, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C were greatly increased, while adiponectin level was significantly decreased in diabetic rats fed high-fat or high-cholesterol diets. These results indicate that increased nitric oxide and [or] decreased adiponectin in serum may result in increasing the glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in diabetic, hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats